What the definition of verb ? Category from Verb ? Principal Parts of Verbs ? voice of verb ? moods of Verbs ? phrasal Verb ? subject –verb greement ? Gerund ?
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.
Background
English is universal language used and
learned all contries and the world.when someone just learn english,maybe
confused in understanding the verb in english.verb in english definition
verb.the some are like indonesian,in english also know that his name verb or
verb.definilitaly one sentences that have on e fruit verb. Due to the terms of
the sentences or sentences is minial consists of the subject and verb there are
subject ( actor) and there verb ( verb or activities conducted by the actors(
subject). Learn about parts of speech is the first step in research grammer
like to learn the letter . letter is the firts step to be able to read and
write from study parts of speech we begin to understand the use of or function
of the worlds joined together to create a communication. To understand the idea
put the something to be one group or category.
B.
Formulation of the Problem
1. What the definition of verb ?
2. What the Category from Verb ?
3. What the Principal
Parts of Verbs ?
4. What voice of verb ?
5. What moods of Verbs ?
6. What is phrasal Verb ?
7. What is subject –verb greement ?
8. What is Gerund ?
C.
Aim
And aim working paper are :
1. We more know about definition verb
2. Explain about category verb
3. Explain about principal parts of verb
4. Explain about voice of verb
5. Explain about moods of verbs
6. Explain about phrasal verb
7. Explain about subject-verb agreement
8. Explain about gerund
CHAPTER
II
DISCUACION
A.
Definition of verb
Verbs are the most
important words in a sentence. Verbs are the first of the eight parts of speech
that we will be studying. Most verbs are
action words, but a few verbs indicate state of being or existence.
Verb
(verb) are words that describe actions or circumstances. to determine whether a
word is a verb, we could not see from the meaning of words in Indonesian.
Verb (verb) is used to express the activity of something or a group of nouns.
In a sentence, the verb functions as the predicate. The verb generally require
the object (called a transitive verb), but there are also some verbs that do
not need the object (called the intransitive verb). The verb is kind of the
most important words in a sentence. Even in the spoken language, only with a
verb we are able to express an idea that has been understood by others.
B.
Category of Verbs
1.
Action Verb
Action verbs are verbs that specifically describe what the subject of
the sentence is doing. These types of verbs carry a great deal of information
in a sentence and can convey emotion and a sense of purpose that extends beyond
the literal meanings of the words. A sentence like "The band appeared on
the scene" sounds much more less impressive than the sentence "The
band erupted onto the scene." The power of the action verb lies in the
meaning and intention that they contain and how they bring direction and force
to the sentence. Understanding the types of action verbs will make students
better writers and communicators.
Types of Action Verbs.
·
Transitive Verb (verb require
obejects)
transitive verbs are verbs that have subjects or
objects that receive the action. They are either active voice or passive
voice. Transitive active verbs are the verbs in sentences with a
direct object. Example: The boy kicked the ball. The subject is the doer and
the direct object is the receiver of the action. Transitive passive
verbs have the subject receiving the action with the doer in a prepositional
phrase or omitted in the sentence. Examples: The ball was kicked by the boy.
The ball was kicked hard. The verb in the transitive passive voice
always has is, am, are, was, were, be, being, or been as an
auxiliary or helping verb.
Transitive active sentences can be changed to transitive
passive sentences by making the direct object the subject and putting the
subject either in a prepositional phrase or omitting it. Example: The daughter
kissed her mother on the cheek. The mother was kissed on the cheek by her
daughter. The mother was kissed on the cheek. (Mother is the receiver of
the action in all three sentences, but in the last two sentences mother
is the subject of the sentences.)
Transform the following transitive active sentences
into transitive passive sentences by omitting the subject.
1. She put the ribbon on the package.
2. People chew the twigs for medicinal purposes.
3. The marks easily identified the trees to cut
down.
4. The neighbors enjoyed the nightly chats over the
fence.
5. The class play received a standing ovation on the first night.
a transitive verb is
commonly followed by an adverb which explain time, manner, reason, the
direction, companion , tool, and purpose.
example Transitive Verb
Eat makan
love mencintai
buy membeli
explain menjelaskan
kick menendang
want ingin
write menulis
sell menjual
learn belajar
listening mendengarkan
want ingin
example for sentence
used objek :
1.
I write a letter for my sister
in Japan (aku menulis sebuah surat untuk adik perempuan ku di Jepang)
2.
My sister hits her cat because
she is still angry (Saudara perempuanku memukul kucing nya karena dia masih
marah)
3.
we asks our teacher to explain
this subject again (kami meminta guru kami untuk menjelaskan pelajaran ini
lagi)
4.
I see someone sells his watch
because he needs money (aku melihat seseorang menjual jam nya karena dia
membutuhkan uang)
5.
My mother asks me to clean this
room (ibuku memintaku untuk membersihkan ruangan ini)
·
Intransitive Verb (verb that do not require obejects)
Intransitive verbs have no receiver of the action.
They are classified as intransitive complete or intransitive linking.
Intransitive linking are sentences with a predicate nominative or
predicate adjective. Examples: The girl is Mary. (predicate nominative) The
girl is cute. (predicate adjective) Intransitive complete are all the
verbs that don't fit one of the other kinds of transitive or intransitive
verbs. Examples: The bell rang suddenly. The girl knitted all evening. (There
is no receiver of the action.) They were here. (no action or predicate
nominative or predicate adjective.)
That is a verb that does not require an object. because it can be understood perfectly the meaning of the phrase and action which is performed by the subject of a sentences. Verbs are included Intransitive verbs are: Shine, come, sit, boil, sleep, fall, cry, etc.
Example
Intransitive Verb :
Eat makan
Run lari
come datang
die mati
lie bohong
sneeze bersin
sit duduk
work kerja
go pergi
come datang
Another
Example sentences :
• The baby cries.
• My mother is sleeping.
• The water boils.
Note:
• There are also some verbs that can serve as a transitive and intransitive
verbs.
example:
• He drops his bottles. (transitive)
• The rain drops from the sky. (intransitive)
• The contestants still misunderstood then. (transitive)
• The contestants still misunderstood. (intransitive)
• They grow the rubber trees. (transitive)
• Rice grows in the fertile soil. (intransitive)
There are some who wear intransitive verb Noun Objective which has aunity of
meaning to the verb. The object is called cognate Object.
Example:
• He played the fool. (He played like crazy).
• He laughs a hard laugh. (He laughed).
• He slept a sound sleep. (He slept soundly).
• He Died a miserable death. (He died destitute).
There are some transitive and intransitive verb although it already has an
object but the meaning has not been perfect before plus the words of others.
Verbs of this type are: make, name, call, find, declare, suppose, Consider,
bring, give, appoint, seen, hear, etc.
Example:
• I will make you happy.
• I appoint him to be my assistant.
There is also a verb that has the following pattern:
• Verb + Preposition + Object
• Verb + Preposition + Verb-ing
Example:
• We talked about the problem.
• She felt sorry for coming late.
Verbs for both patterns are: succeed in, think about / of, dream of, dream
about, approve of, look forward to, insist on, Decide against, angry with,
sorry for, thanks for, etc.
There are also certain Verbs which have the following pattern:
• Verbs + Object + Verb + Preposition-ing
Example:
• They Accused me of telling lies.
• Do you suspect the man of being a spy?
• I congratulated Bob on passing the exam.
• What prevented him from coming to the party?
• I thanked her for being so helpful.
·
Incomplete Verbs
There are three types of incomplete verbs:
being verbs
– also called linking or copulative verbs
to be, seem, become, taste,
smell, sound, feel
TIP:
Some of these verbs can also be used transitively. If in doubt, substitute a
form of to be for the verb. If the sentence still makes sense, the verb is
being used as a copulative verb:
He feels
depressed. He is depressed.
He feels
the wall. He is the wall.
2.
Linking Verb
connect the subject of a sentence to its complements:
a predicate noun, a predicate pronoun or a predicate adjective
that verb that serves to connect between
subjects with complement (complement). Words associated with the subject called
complement subject.. They do not express
action and thus may be considered intransitive. They include:
a.
The forms of “to be,”
(am, is, are, was, were, be, being,
been, become and became.)
Is being
Are being
Was
Was
being
Were
Has
Has
been
Have
been
Will
have been
Had
been
Are
being
Might
have been
Forms
of "to become"
Become
Becomes
Became
Has
become
Have
become
Had
become
Will
become
Will
have become
b.
Various verbs related
to the senses (appear, feel, look, smell, sound,
taste, etc.)
c.
Verbs expressing
condition or placement of the subject (become, grow, remain,
seem, stay, etc.)\
For example:
"I am glad it is Friday." Here the
linking verb "am" connects the subject (I) to the state of being
glad.
"Laura is excited about her new
bike." Here "is" describes Laura's emotional state of
excitement.
"My birds are hungry." The word "are" identifies
that the birds currently exist in a physical state of hunger.
-
Determining Other Linking Verbs
In addition to true linking verbs, there are
also many verbs that can exist either as action verbs or linking verbs. These
are also called resultative verbs. Verbs related to the five senses often
function in this way. Common
verbs that can exist as either action verbs or linking verbs include:
Grow
Look
Prove
Remain
Smell
Sound
Taste
Turn
Stay
Get
Appear
Feel
3.
Axullary
Verb
Auxiliary Verb (auxiliary verb Is a verb whose job is to help the main verb in a sentence. Auxiliary verbs are used to inflect various verb tenses, moods, etc, if the auxiliary verb is removed, it does not eliminate the basic substance of the sentence. Which included Auxiliary verb are :
• Is, am, are
• Was, were
• Do, does, did
• Has, have, had
(It can also function as an Ordinary Verbs.Example :You should not swim in the river. I must go right now.You may take all your money on the bank every time via ATM.
You are going to Seattle.
You have been resting too much.
4. Modal verbs
Modal Verbs are used to express influence over the subject of the sentence, e.g. duty/obligation, ability/permission, volition, or necessity. The modal verbs are as follows
a.
May, might, and must
b.
Can and could
c.
Will, would, shall, and should
d.
Ought (to), had better and had best
e.
Have to and need to
f.
Used to
g.
Dare
Example :
I must go right now.
You may take all your money on the bank every time via ATM.
We must be early.
Some verbs can function as either linking or action
verbs depending on how they are used.
· The drainage smelled foul. (Linking verb)
· The dog smelled the blooming flowers. (Action verb)
Other verbs can function as either linking or
auxiliary verbs, again depending on usage.
· The man in the bow tie was barking mad. (Linking verb)
· The woman was trying to help him anyway. (Auxiliary verb)
C. Principal Parts of Verbs
The principal parts are a verb’s basic forms, from
which its other forms can be created by inflection or conjugation. In English,
there are three principal parts. These are the simple present indicative, the
simple past indicative, and the past perfect indicative.
It is worth noting that lists or recitations of
principal parts in English often omit the third principal part’s auxiliary
verb, rendering it identically to its grammatically distinct participial form.
There are two kinds of verb in English, regular (or
weak) and irregular (or strong). Regular verbs’ second and third principal
parts are identical (with the exception that the third principal part takes the
auxiliary verb “have”), e.g. play, played, (have) played. Irregular verbs’
second and/or third principal parts contain at least a stem vowel change, e.g.
do, did, (have) done.
1. Regular Verb
Regular Verb is a verb that can vary
according to the shape of tense; and changes in the form of the verb regularly.
Regular,
or weak, verbs form the second principal part by appending -(e)d to the first
principal part. (Note that for some verbs, the final consonant is doubled
before adding the -ing.) The third principal part is formed by appending
-(e)d to the first principal part, combined with use of the auxiliary verb
“have.”
The Participle I (more commonly called the “present
participle”) is formed by appending -ing to the first principal part. The
Participle III (more commonly called the “past participle”) is identical in
inflection to the third principal part sans auxiliary verb.
Following is a list of some regular verbs in their
different parts.
|
Simple Present |
Simple Past |
Past Perfect |
|
carry |
carry |
(have)
carried |
|
cruise |
cruised |
(have)
cruised |
|
dance |
danced |
(have)
danced |
|
drop |
dropped |
(have)
dropped |
|
evolve |
evolved |
(have)
evolved |
|
jump |
jumped |
(have)
jumped |
|
picnic |
picnicked |
(have)
picnicked |
|
scream |
screamed |
(have)
screamed |
|
work |
worked |
(have)
worked |
The following list of tenses shows the different verb forms for regular
verbs:
Present - I discover something
new every day.
Present progressive - I am
discovering myself.
Present perfect - I have
discovered a new way.
Present perfect progressive -
I have been discovering new music.
Past - I discovered that
already.
Past progressive - I was
discovering something this morning.
Past perfect - I had
discovered that I was lost.
Past perfect progressive - I
had been discovering an interesting place.
Future - I will discover that
when I get there.
Future progressive - I am
discovering that tomorrow.
Future perfect - I will have
discovered that by the time I get home.
Future perfect progressive - I will have been discovering that for week
by the time you arrive
Examples of changes Verbs of this type are:
• Call - called - called
• Admit - admitted – admitted
• Submit - submitted - submitted
• Invite - invited - invited
• Dare - dared - dared
• Encourage - encouraged - encouraged
2. Irregular verbs Irregular Verb is a verb that has the same function with a regular verb, but changes in the form of this verb is irregular. irregular verbs (Verbs Irregular) are verbs that change from verb1 to verb2 or to verb3 not by adding the suffix -ed or -d. The verb is changed irregularly. Given the number of verbs are many and most of the regular verbs, then that needs to be memorized are irregular verbs. Forms of irregular verbs are divided into three groups as follows.(1) The verb form of the second and third unchanged from its first form, for example a bet, bid, cut, and hurt, shape them and they also bet, bid, cut, and hurt.
(2) The verb in the form of the second and third equal but different to the first form, for example a bleed, the second and third forms are bled, and said cling second and third form is clung.(3) The verb in first form, the second form, and the form of the three are not the same. For instance, take into shape both stores and taken three forms, Arise shape and form both arose Arisen third, and so on.
They can be described as belonging to one of five
classes
Class 1
Class 1 verbs have the same form across all three
principal parts.
|
Simple Present |
Simple Past |
Past Perfect |
|
burst |
burst |
(have)
burst |
|
cost |
cost |
(have)
cost |
|
cut |
cut |
(have)
cut |
|
hit |
hit |
(have)
hit |
|
hurt |
hurt |
(have)
hurt |
|
put |
put |
(have)
put |
|
read |
read |
(have)
read |
|
set |
set |
(have)
set |
|
shut |
shut |
(have)
shut |
Class 2
Class 2 verbs have a vowel change in the simple past
and past perfect tenses. Note that got is both Class 2 and Class 3,
taking an optional -en in the third principal part.
|
Simple Present |
Simple Past |
Past Perfect |
|
bring |
brought |
(have)
brought |
|
catch |
caught |
(have)
caught |
|
fight |
fought |
(have)
fought |
|
flee |
fled |
(have)
fled |
|
fling |
flung |
(have)
flung |
|
get |
got |
(have)
got/gotten |
|
lead |
led |
(have)
led |
|
lend |
lent |
(have)
lent |
|
lose |
lost |
(have)
lost |
|
say |
said |
(have)
said |
|
seek |
sought |
(have)
sought |
|
shine |
shone |
(have)
shone |
|
sit |
sat |
(have)
sat |
|
sting |
stung |
(have)
stung |
|
swing |
swung |
(have)
swung |
|
teach |
taught |
(have)
taught |
|
wind |
wound |
(have)
wound |
Class 3
Class 3 verbs take a vowel change in the simple past
and form the past perfect by adding an -(e)n to the simple past. Note
that bear, bite, and shear do not follow this pattern
exactly.
|
Simple Present |
Simple Past |
Past Perfect |
|
bear |
bore |
(have)
borne |
|
beat |
beat |
(have)
beaten |
|
bite |
bit |
(have)
bitten |
|
break |
broke |
(have)
broken |
|
choose |
chose |
(have)
chosen |
|
freeze |
froze |
(have)
frozen |
|
shear |
sheared |
(have)
shorn |
|
speak |
spoke |
(have)
spoken |
|
steal |
stole |
(have)
stolen |
|
swear |
swore |
(have)
sworn |
|
tear |
tore |
(have)
torn |
|
wear |
wore |
(have)
worn |
Class 4
Class 4 vowels change i in the present to a
in the simple past and u in the past perfect.
|
Simple Present |
Simple Past |
Past Perfect |
|
begin |
began |
(have)
begun |
|
drink |
drank |
(have)
drunk |
|
ring |
rang |
(have)
rung |
|
shrink |
shrank |
(have)
shrunk |
|
sing |
sang |
(have)
sung |
|
sink |
sank |
(have)
sunk |
|
spring |
sprang/sprung |
(have)
sprung |
|
swim |
swam |
(have)
swum |
Class 5
Class 5 verbs take a vowel change in the simple past
but form the past perfect from the present.
|
Simple Present |
Simple Past |
Past Perfect |
|
blow |
blew |
(have)
blown |
|
come |
came |
(have)
come |
|
do |
did |
(have)
done |
|
draw |
drew |
(have)
drawn |
|
drive |
drove |
(have)
driven |
|
eat |
ate |
(have)
eaten |
|
fall |
fell |
(have)
fallen |
|
give |
gave |
(have)
given |
|
go |
went |
(have)
gone |
|
grow |
grew |
(have)
grown |
|
know |
knew |
(have)
known |
|
ride |
rode |
(have)
ridden |
|
rise |
rose |
(have)
risen |
|
run |
ran |
(have)
run |
|
see |
saw |
(have)
seen |
|
shake |
shook |
(have)
shaken |
|
slay |
slew |
(have)
slain |
|
take |
took |
(have)
taken |
|
throw |
threw |
(have)
thrown |
|
write |
wrote |
(have)
written |
Present - I drink when I am thirsty.
Present progressive - I am
drinking orange juice.
Present perfect - She has
drunk the new cocktail.
Present perfect progressive -
I have been drinking plenty of water.
Past - I drank my share of
water.
Past progressive - I was
drinking coffee when you called.
Past perfect - I had drunk all
the tea in the pitcher.
Past perfect progressive - The
team had been drinking Gatorade before we got here.
Future - I will drink hot
cider tonight.
Future progressive - I am
going to drink homemade wine.
Future perfect - He will have
drunk everything in sight by morning.
Future perfect progressive - I
will be drinking sweet tea when we get to Carolina.
Examples of this type of verb changes are:· Read - Read - Read In addition, there is also a verb that can be grouped into regular verbs irregular verbs as well, for example the verb “awake” the second and third forms “awaked” or “awoke”, the form of the verb “leap” second and third could have “leaped” or “leapt”, and so forth.
Usages of verb Discussing about the verb, of course it is meant use in a sentence. And sentences in the English language can not be separated from the 'tenses' which embodies the use of verbs based on the description of the time. According to its use in a sentence, the verb is divided into three distinct groups, namely:1. infinitive verbs (Verbs Origin / Verb Form I)This verb is both the 'regular / irregular' and of the 'transitive / intransitive' is used in a sentence form habits (Simple Present Tense).example:· Linda sleep soundly. (Irregular / Intransitive)· I play a piano well. (Regular / Transitive)· Rini Gives me much money. (Irregular / Transitive)· I work very hard every day. (Regular / Intransitive)Verb 1 is the basic form of the verb in the English language. The verb is used when the first type will write a sentence in the form of simple present (tenses used to describe current activities). Examples of its use is in the following sentence:· I usually go to school at 6:30 am.2. preterite Verbs (Verb Form II)Both the 'regular / irregular' or the 'transitive / intransitive', the verb form of this second sentence is specifically used in the past tense (Simple Past Tense).xample:· My sister went to Jakarta yesterday. (Irregular / Intransitive)· Nia invited me to her party. (Regular / Transitive)· Rina broke my spectacles. (Irregular / Transitive)· We arrived at school late. (Regular / Intransitive) Verb forms to 2 used to describe an event that has happened in the past. This verb can not be used in the form of another sentence. So if you are going to write down the events that happened in the past, use the verb form to 2. Examples of the use of the sentence is:· They visited art museum yesterday.
3. Past participle (Verb form III)This verb has 2 scope of use, namely in the form of the phrase 'have' (perfect tense) and also in the passive voice (Passive Voice)
example:· He has gone home. (Irregular / Intransitive)· We have completed our assignment. (Regular / Transitive)· I am invited to come to her party. (Regular / Passive)· This poem was written by Renda. (Irregular / passive)Verb third form can not stand alone as the previous two verbs. This verb is used in the perfect tense (tenses used to describe an event that has ended) both present perfect tense and the past perfect tense. Examples of its use in a sentence is:· I have finished my project this afternoon.
D. Voices of Verbs
The voice of verbs
indicates whether its subject is the performer or the receiver of the action
the verb expresses.
· Active voice shows that the subject is the doer or
performer of the action. It is preferred in writing because it is more forceful
and direct than the passive voice.
· Passive voice shows that the subject is the receiver
of the action. it is used in the following:
o to express an action when the doer of the action is
unknown.
o to describe an ongoing experience
o to avoid giving a direct order or to state a rule.
o to express action when the doer is not important
E. Moods of Verbs
Mood identifies the manner in which a verb expresses
an idea.
The Three Moods of Verbs
1. The indicative mood states a fact or asks a question.
2. The subjunctive mood is used to express:
o a wish or a condition that is contrary to fact.
o a command or request after the word that.
3. The imperative mood gives a command or makes a
request. Verbs in this mood are always in the present tense and second person.
Note: The indicative
and subjunctive moods have the same forms except for the following:
· In the third=person singular, the -s is omitted from
verbs.
· The form of the verb to be is always be in the present
subjunctive mood.
· The form of the verb to be is always were in the past
subjunctive mood.
F. Active and Passive Voice
Normally verbs (and clauses) are in active
voice. The subject of the sentence is the agent that performs the action of the
verb. Sometimes clauses are in the passive voice, where the subject receives
the action of the verb, and is not the agent.
|
Active |
Passive |
|
The dog bit the man. |
The man was bitten by the dog. |
|
The scientists disputed the infrerences. |
The inferences were disputed by the
scientists. |
|
He is stroking the dog. |
The dog is being stroked by him. |
|
I will eat the crisps. |
The crisps will be eaten by me. |
|
The boss fired Henry. |
Henry got fired. |
|
He had had a good time. |
A good time had been had by him. |
The form of the passive is a form of the verb to be plus a past participle.
|
Comment |
|
|
He was tired. |
tired is an adjective. And is is a linking verb. |
|
The shop is closed. |
A bit tricky. We do not mean "The shop was closed
by the shopkeeper. But, who knows, it might be open now". closed
is an adjective, not part of a verb. |
|
She is enraged. |
Again, is is a linking verb, and enraged
is an adjective. |
|
The plane is damaged. |
damaged is an adjective. |
Passive
and Time
The table below illustrates the passive voice in the past and present
tenses and in the future.
|
Passive Voice and Time |
||
|
Time |
Type |
Example |
|
Present |
Simple |
The ball is thrown. |
|
Progressive |
The ball is being thrown. |
|
|
Perfect |
The ball has been thrown. |
|
|
Past |
Simple |
The ball was thrown. |
|
Progressive |
The ball was being thrown. |
|
|
Perfect |
The ball had been thrown. |
|
|
Future |
Simple |
The ball will be thrown. |
|
Progressive |
The ball will be being thrown. |
|
|
Perfect |
The ball will have been thrown. |
|
G. Phrasal Verbs
Phrasal verbs are composed of a verb and a prepositional
adverb. The prepositional adverb, which
has the word form of a preposition, modifies the verb and changes its literal
meaning. In addition, the prepositional adverb can be precede the object as a
Noun Phrase, or follow it, as in the examples in the table below. If the object
is a pronoun, it must come before the particle (prepositional adverb).
|
Phrasal Verbs |
|
|
Example |
Alternative |
|
The
lift has broken down. |
(No
object) |
|
She
brought up an interesting point in the meeting. |
She
brought an interesting point up in the meeting. |
|
Oh!
Have they fallen out [had a quarrel] again? |
(No
object) |
|
They
have decided to give smoking up. |
They
have decided to give up smoking. |
|
His
children are grown up. |
(No
object) |
|
I
looked the word up. |
I
looked up the word. |
|
She
put the meeting off. |
She
put off the meeting. |
|
They
ran the dog over. |
They
ran over the dog. |
|
We
turned off the tv. |
We
turned the tv off. |
The
phrasal verbs, shown in bold, differ in meaning from the literal form of the
verb. They differ from prepositional verbs.
H. Verb Phrases
Verb phrases are formed by the combination of linking
or auxiliary/modal verbs with main verbs to complete an idea.
The use of helping verbs causes certain changes in
verb phrases that we
need to be able to recognize. One change is the use of contractions
(contractions are two or more words combined together with an apostrophe). As
mentioned before, it’s a good idea to memorize the helping verbs. If you
haven’t memorized them, take a few minutes to learn them.
Group 1: is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been
Group 2: has, have, had
Group 3: do, does, did
Group 4: shall, will, should, would
Group 5: may, might, must, can, could
The words separating the verb phrases are nouns and
pronouns. This is very common in sentences that are questions. The first two
verbs are action verbs, and the last verb is a state of being verb.
Sometimes verb phrases are separated by words called
adverbs (we will learn more about adverbs in later lessons). Adverbs are often
used with verbs; however, they are not considered part of the verb phrase.
I. GERUND
A gerund always ends in ing
and is used as a noun. Eating is fun.
The gerund can be a subject
(Eating is fun.); a direct object (I like eating.); a predicate nominative (A fun time is
eating.); an appositive (A fun time, eating, takes much time.); an indirect
object (I give eating too much time.); or an object of a preposition (I give
much time to eating.)
Gerunds can have with them direct objects, predicate
nominatives, predicate adjectives or modifiers to form what is called a gerund
phrase. Example: Eating solid foods is hard for babies. Eating is
the gerund used as the subject of the verb is. It has its own direct
object foods with the adjective solid, which together make up the
gerund phrase eating solid foods serving as the subject of the sentence.
Gerunds can be compound. (Jeff likes hiking
and camping.)
Instructions: Find the gerunds and gerund phrases in the
following sentences and tell how they are used (subject, direct object,
predicate nominative, appositive, indirect object, or object of the
preposition).
1. Fishing is my friend's favorite sport.
2. By adding more water, we can thin the paint.
3. The law forbids shouting fire in a theater.
4. Mr. Jones enjoys his work, collecting and repairing
old stereos.
5. My neighbor's pastime is training guard dogs.
CHAPTER
III
CLOSING
A.
CONCLUSION
Verb is
the word to show action,for exmple to buy ,to write,to read,to run and etc. and to show state ,of being,for example to be,to have,to become,to
eem,and etc.verbs consist from kinds,types and usages.
B.
SUGGESITON
Author
realizes that this paper is far from perfect.therefore,for anyone who reads
this paper,the authors are looking forward to construtive criticism and suggestions for the perfection of this paper.hopefully this paper can be
useful for us all in the running of all
activities as a student.
Bibliography :
·
Imam
baehaqi.a hand book English grammar,media ilmu,2009
·
Ny.D.lasambouw
luhukay,Ringkasan bahasa inggris.bandung.
·
Hanandyo
darjito,S.Pd.,M.hum,understanding grammar,Yogyakarta,2012.
·
Daily
Grammar Lessons Workbook Written by Bill Johanson
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